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- Special Research Seminar, 28 July 2012
15:00-16:30, The Interdivisional Education and Research Building , 5th
Floor
「Co-Management of Coastal Resources in Fiji: Focused on FLMMA and MPAs」
KAKUMA Shinichiro (Okinawa Prefectural Government)
The situations of coastal resources co-management in 6 fishing villages
and western remote islands were studied in 2003 and 2005. Fiji Locally
Managed Marine Area (FLMMA) network has developed recently to manage coastal
resources in Fiji. The Fisheries Department of the government, the University
of the South Pacific and NGOs lead their respective FLMMA sites. At one
of the sites, Ucunivanua village, the stock of a bivalve “Kaikoso” has
increased even outside of a MPA. The community has monitored the results
of the management. At Sasa village gill-netting had been banned by chiefs
in the district since 1990. Although the resources have been conserved
for subsistence fishers, commercial hand-line and spear fishing boats could
be increased to sustainable level. At Kiuva village Bech-de-mer fisheries
are active and may need proper management soon. Flesh water aquaculture
and sub-surface fish aggregating devices would work as the alternative
income sources for the management. Resource ownership of coastal waters
may return to the communities affecting future direction of FLMMA.
Coral reef eco-system sustains reef fisheries. However, conflicts between
the eco-system conservation and the fisheries development would spread.
The conflicts will be discussed through the cases of MPAs, coral reef conservation
and eco-tourism in Fiji and Okinawa. When deciding the sizes of MPAs, we
need to balance the ideas between bio-diversity conservation and sustainable
fisheries. While obtaining quantitative data on spill-over effects through
scientific researches, we should start participatory adaptive management
to decide the sizes of MPAs. For the restoration of the damaged coral reefs,
conservation should come first and anthropogenic disturbances to the coral
reefs should be eliminated as much as possible. The co-existence of human
and coral reefs, however, is also another important goal for the Asia-Pacific.
Eco-tourism in Fiji needs to be within the carrying capacity and to minimize
the impacts on fishing and food culture in the villages
Keywords: FLMMA, MPA, fisheries management, coral reef conservation, eco-tourism
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