[ABSTRACT]Since the 1990’s, the relations between Japan and Korea have rapidly become intimated. It was used to say, "Japan and Korea are close, but distant." However, at present such situation has changed dramatically. Through the economical development and democratization in Korea, co-sponsoring of the Soccer World Cup, and "Korean boom" such as "Winter Sonata", two nations have come closer.
However, all the relations between both nations aren’t satisfactory. Especially, the problem over "Memory of the History" such as the problem of Takeshima(Dokuto) and Japanese historical textbook often strengthens the tension.
I had stayed in Korea for a year in 2005 and this summer I had studied there again for a month. I would like to introduce the recent trend about the problem over “Memory of the History” in Korea and report the present situation over this problem in Japan and Korea.

In one study I did in Southern Philippines on the Bajaus, a Sama speaking people known as sea gypsies but are now settled in water villages, I found that the memory of their life ways have been inscribed in the idea of a kauman - a compound of houses on piles, linked by footways and thereby forming a cluster of extended family with matrilocal residence rule. These compounds to my mind are relics of maritime civilization as they reflected how mooring groups of extended family-boat houses would roam around and fish together and moor at a common mooring sites. The groups are not however isolated from each other but are linked by kinship ties to other mooring group of boat houses in the archipelago. These groups formed a “community” of mobile peoples of the past.
　　　In another study I did in the Visayas, Jibei Island and Kohama Islands, I tried to retrieve　memories of life ways of island communities in the ways they manage the ishihimi, stone tidal weir. Ishihimi are stone barricade traps built on gradually sloping reef tides. These are constructed in a semi-circular manner in such a way that when the tide rises it will overflow through the barricades of stones thereby trapping the accompanying sea animals when the tide recedes. It is said to be a copy of a natural hollow in the sea where anyone can simply gather during low tides. The foremost researcher of ishihimi, Nishimura Asahitaro, considers the ishihimi the living fossils of fixed fishing gear with ancient origins.
　　　 This presentation will try to bring in three ideas deduced from the study of ishihimi as (1) a relic material culture linking Asia and the Pacific Islanders, (2) ishihimi as umi no hatake and the idea of the commons, and finally (3) how ishihimi came about and what they signify at the present time.

[ABSTRACT]　Every early summer bluefin tuna migrate for spawning from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean and continue to the Black Sea. Most of the inhabitants of these coastal areas ate tuna as early as Metholithic period, as confirmed by the finding of bone fish hooks in the Youra Island, Agean Sea. In the Roman era , tuna came to be the most favored fish, and it was cooked in the kitchen and salted in a big sized vat.
　The author investigated that tuna fishing and tuna derived products over the Greek and Roman periods from the remaining records and the visiting the fishing ruins along the coast.
　The archaeological evidence of Garum(fish sauce) that was fermented from salted fish were reviewed from the view of the fishing operatrion over the Italy and Baelo Claudia in southern Spain.

[ABSTRACT]　My talk is on the succession of Amami shimauta (Amami traditional songs)and Amami local dialects and on its Tokunoshiman case. Recently I visited eighty-seven of both elementary and junior high schools in Amami, and collected information about the succession of them. Some results are as follows. 1) The succession of shimauta is conducted almost all schools, but the succession of Amami local dialects has been indirectly done through shimauta. 2) Shimauta is varied from island to island. There can be seen a difference between the group of Kikaijima, Amami Oshima (including Kakeromajima, Yorojima and Ukejima) and Tokunoshima and the group of Okierabujima and Yoronjima. In the former group, the old Amami shimauta songs such as “Ikyunnya kana bushi”, “Yoisura bushi”, “Inesuri bushi”, “Hachigatsu odori” and so on have been chosen and succeded. The later group has chosen and succeeded the songs close to Ryukyu folk songs such as “Erabu Yurinohana”, “Yakko”, “Ashimiji bush” and “Nachikasha no shima” and so on. 3) If Shin-minyo (new Amami folksongs) are included into shimauta, songs such as “Ohshima sodachi” are widely sung. Fourthly, Hachigatsu Odori is danced at a sports day in many schools. It would be desirable that children should sing the song of Hachigatsu odori. “Yakko” and “Saisai bushi” are sung at China-cho and Wadomari-cho of Okierabujima respectably. 4) As a case of the development of shimauta, “Rokucho Taisou” (Rokucho exercises) is created and five shimauta songs such as “Ten no shirakumo bushi”, “Erabu no komoriuta” (lullaby of Erabu), “Inesuriuta”, “Waido bushi”, and “Rokucho” are learned. 5) People of the community play a great roll on the succession of Amami shimauta through an open lecture at community hall and so on.

[ABSTRACT] Kyoyukai is a voluntary association that is usually formed in urban areas by the people who have migrated from one rural area. It will not be established unless many people from one rural area migrate to the city.
From the social geographical point of view I have become to be interested in such phenomena as migration and urban segregation and its various problems since I started my work in Kagoshima and have continued to investigate these phenomena since then.

[ABSTRACT] Japan’s presence in Micronesia has been an important and influential one for the Micronesians, but except for the Micronesians themselves, it has been largely forgotten today. Generally, the Japanese presence in Micronesia can be divided into two broad periods: (1) Traders who came to the islands to make their fortunes from all over Japan, including Kagoshima; and, (2) the colonial period from 1914-1941 when Japan owned the islands after seizing them from the Germans in October 1914 during World War One. The Germans bought Micronesia from the Spanish except Guam which the Americans held following the Spanish-American War in 1898. After the formation of the Japanese Diet in the late 19th century, there developed two attitudes, or concepts, regarding the future expansion of Japan. One called Nanshin-ron, or expansion to the south, the other called Hokushin-ron, or expansion to the north. It was popular for Diet members to subscribe to one or the other of these concepts. Those members who favored southward expansion also favored the building of a strong navy for Japan, and seeing America as a future enemy, and those favoring northward expansion also favored the building of a strong army, and seeing China and Russia as future enemies. It is important to understand these concepts and relationships. Japanese traders encountered determined resistance from the Germans, who moved up from their colony in Papua New Guinea and established a Protectorate in the Marshall Islands in 1885. They then began to move into the Carolines and Marianas and sought to expel the Japanese mini-shosha trading in remote islands. Foremost among the Japanese traders was Mori Koben, who came to Truk in the 1890s and lived the rest of his life there. He became a representative of the Jaluit Gesellschaft which was the most prominent German trading company at the time. When the Germans expelled the Japanese traders, they kept Mori Koben because he was too important and influential a trader at the time. During World War One, the Japanese Imperial Navy sailed through Micronesia in three weeks and captured and repatriated all the Germans living there. At the end of the war Japan was awarded the islands of Micronesia according to the terms of the Treaty of Versailles.