[ABSTRACT] The volcanic arc off Kyushu stretches some 1000 km southwestward, and is associated with an active back-arc basin, the Okinawa trough. The volcanoes on these southern islands are, from north to south, Kikai caldera (Satsuma-Iojima and Showa-Iojima formed during the 1934-1935 submarine eruption), Kuchinoerabujima, Kuchinoshima, Nakanoshima, Suwanosejima, Akusekijima, Yokoatejima, Io-Torishima, and a submarine volcano NNE of Iriomotejima. The edifices and mode of eruptions of these volcanoes are quite different from each other. There are two submerged calderas; Kikai caldera and an unnamed caldera around Yokoatejima. The erupted rocks consist predominantly of pyroxene andesite, however only Kikai caldera erupted magmas of bimodal composition; basalt and rhyolite, while Kuchinoshima volcano erupted mainly hornblende andesite. In this seminar, I will mainly speak about the eruptive history of Kikai caldera and Io-Torishima. Kikai caldera is one of the youngest calderas in Japan, and its latest caldera-forming eruption occurred approximately 7300 years ago. Destructive pyroclastic flows reached the southern parts of Kagoshima, and it is widely believed that the Jomon culture in southern Kagoshima completely perished during this eruption. The associated volcanic ash spread all over Japan, and is still preserved in the soil layers in many places. Io-Torishima is a small volcanic island which consists of two adjoining volcanic edifices - a lava dome with an active crater and a tuff ring with a large crater. The rocks of this volcano consist of pyroxene andesite, but the older tephra from this volcano which outcrops at the Tokunoshima Island contains large amount of hornblende and quartz. This suggests that the pre-Io-Torishima, which was probably destroyed by successive eruptions, erupted hornblende-bearing magma which is quite unique for the volcanoes in southern Kyushu.

[ABSTRACT] The purpose of this study has been discussed the use of Photovoice as an effective tool for community diagnosis.
1) Differences the degree of difficulty of Photovoice between assessment theme or target community characteristics.
2) Reliability , validity and availability as a tool of photovoice through using with another approaches.
５ communities in P archipelago were selected, and target population were mainly schoolchildren and their parents.
Data collection methods used 1) photograph with writing down stories , 2) group discussion using photovoice.
The researcher as a outside facilitator pariticipated with group discussion.
Our study design was judged inapplicable by the Ethical Board at Kagoshima University School of Medicine in 2004.
As the results of action research,
The effectiveness of photovoice was evaluated by the three steps goals of photovoice. Participants in A community tackle problems(second step),but participants in B hold problems in common(first step). The differences was revealed between assessment theme in the case of schoolchildren , but not in the case of parents or adults . The differences was revealed between communities for some unknown reason. Community meetings using participantsﾕ photovoice were held.
Participants of community meetings are the members of family class, old peopleﾕs club and course of community center. The results of Windshield Survey by the researcher was similar to the results of group discussion. Therefore validity was partially approved. Photovoice may be an effective tool for community diagnosis.

[ABSTRACT] In the Shima-uta contests in Amami, two uta-shas (singers) always appear on stage side by side. That doesnﾕt mean that the way of singing is unchanged. In many cases, if one uta-sha (singer) sings a song, the other sings only the part of lively music (hayashi) now. Only when the main uta-sha doesnﾕt play sanshin (shamisen), the other (hayashi-kata) plays both hayashi and sanshin.
According to my impression, this was not the case about twenty years ago. Appearing on stage in pairs is same, but in most of the cases, the two were man and woman, and equal, and it was common for the two to do the utakake (dialogue of uta) by singing each extemporaneous verse in turns. But now it has become mainstream that one plays only the part of singing and the other hayashi, and thus they finish one song and move to the next. What would be the reason for this?
One reason is the fact that the fundament of shima-uta was utakake was almost forgotten. The other reason is in that each uta-sha tried to be very unique in singing, and thus it became difficult for the pair to sing in same melody, same rhythm, same tempo, and same pitch. Looking at this one example, it could be understood that shima-uta has been following the path of modernization.
As the one who has been living together with shima-uta for about forty-five years, I would like to introduce some phenomena that shima-uta has changed.

[ABSTRACT] The genus Nautilus is known to be represented by at least five species that inhabitat the southwestern Pacific Ocean. In particular, N. pompilius lives over a wide range around the Philippines, Indonesia, and the tropical seas of Australia. Nautilus daily vertically migrates from 100m to 500m in depth. In the daytime they rest in the hollow of rocks on the deep sea floor, whereas in the nighttime they rise and seek food. Nautilus has a well-known distinctive shell, and can regulate their own buoyancy. Mature females have a large ovary in the hind part of their soft body. In the ovary there are various developing oocytes, and a full-grown oocyte is over 1.5 cm in diameter and about 3 g in weight. Mature males have large testis and produce a big spermatophore which they pass to females by copulation. Females in the aquarium lay up to a maximum of one egg during one or two weeks. The spawned egg is packed in double hard shells and laid tightly in a hollow space surrounded by mucous materials. The embryo 145 days after spawning has various basic organs and an embryonic shell on the tip of its body. Hatching of the embryo is believed to occur after about 300 days.

13:30 Welcomes: (Kagoshima University)
13:35 Symposium introduction: Sueo KUWAHARA (Kagoshima University)
13:45 Addressing climate change and sea level rise in the Pacific islands
Joeli VEITAYAKI (University of South Pacific, Fiji･Kagoshima University)
14:10 Tropical cyclone behavior in a warmer world: Mark A. LANDER (University of Guam, USA)
14:35 Small island sustainability risks in Chuuk Atoll -Climate change and globalization-
Syunsuke NAGASHIMA (Kagoshima University)
15:00 Seeking safety from the storm: The impact of climate change on inter-island relations and human migration in Micronesia.
Donald RUBINSTEIN (University of Guam, USA)
15:25 Korea South Pacific Ocean Research Center and its effect on local community
Heung Sik PARK (Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute)
15:50 Coffee
16:05 Panel discussion: Chair, Sueo KUWAHARA･Tetsushi HIDAKA
(Kagoshima University)
16:50 Closing: Shigeto TOMINAGA (Kagoshima University)