SAKAI Norio (Kagoshima University)
"Sugarcane Agriculture and New Sugarcane Policy in Nansei Islands"
16:30-, The Interdivisional Education and Research Building , 5th Floor
[ABSTRACT]　In Nansei Islands, farmers have grown sugarcane and sugar mills have made unrefined sugar and black sugar for many years. In this area, Sugarcane is called key crop, and it has supported farmers’ income and has been maintained the island society. But the new sugarcane policy started in 2007, now sugarcane agriculture is changing.
　In this report, we describe current state of sugarcane and the policy in Nansei Islands, and then consider the influence, the islands’ effort and the problems of the new policy.

MURAKAMI Mitsunobu (Akatsuka Educational Institution)
"Sustainable sightseeing in islands area and Amami"
16:30-, The Interdivisional Education and Research Building , 5th Floor
[ABSTRACT]　Here are some tentative assumptions about possible ways to maintain tourism in Amami. When considering the four main ideas that rescued Hawaii from crisis, in correlation with the fact that longevity in Okinawa has been shown not to be genetic, currently leads us to find success in the dietary culture of longevity. So since Amami Oshima is a similar type of island area, I’d like to study how this pertains to sustainable tourism. I think that there is only one successful model of “ High Birthrate and Longevity.” However, it refers to the fact that, “There is significant commonality between longevity and a high birthrate in Amami.” Moreover, the proponent believes that the commonality includes some hints that solutions to the problems of national crime reports and measurement report to combat suicides can be found.

David Hanlon (RCPIKU, University of Hawai'i)）
"Histories of the Before: Leluh, Nan Madol, and the Deep Past"
16:30-, The Interdivisional Education and Research Building , 5th Floor
[ABSTRACT]　This presentation focuses on the megalithic ruins found at Leluh in Kosrae and Nan Madol on Pohnpei. Both Kosrae and Pohnpei are high volcanic islands separated by 400 miles of ocean; they are part of the Eastern Caroline group of the larger Micronesian geographical area. The similarities between the two sets of ruins are striking, and suggest contact, influence and exchange of a significant degree. Scientists date the beginnings of construction at Leluh and Nan Madol to AD 1250-1400 and AD 900-1100, respectively. The word "prehistoric" does them no justice. While the subject of comment by later explorers, travelers and archaeologists, these similarities invite more extensive consideration for their potential to reconfigure the histories of these islands away from colonial presumptions and categories, and toward more local constructions of time, space, distance, movement, and migration. The very idea of Micronesia is placed at risk by this and other examples of contacts and articulations among islands in the time before the establishment of formal colonial rule in the region. An exploration of the engagement between Kosrae and Pohnpei in the deeper past also offers a different historical perspective on mobility and abiding within and beyond contemporary "Micronesia."

[ABSTRACT] Among the people concerned with administration to have jurisdiction over a person, a remote island studying the remote islands, it is about common knowledge that there is the Remote islands promotion Law. However, remote islands promotion, the remote islands promotion method seem to be recognized restrictively even if there is the case that an island or a remote island becomes investigation / the study for the person that sociology, geography, folklore study a state and the change of "the area". In addition, it seems that it is similar for the person about research fields such as history, economics, the Law. But, in the economist, there is the thing to analyze an ideal method of the remote island promotion into in the viewpoint of the investment effect.
　In the first place, Will you have what kind of relation to existence and the remote islands promotion of the remote islands? May I consider an expression "island" to show "a stripe" or "islands" and "the remote island" to be a synonym? I feel like it not being yet argued about these enough. There is the feeling that even a folklorist confuses these matter, and even a geographer uses if I go so far as to say.
　The common concept about one island, at the time of "at high tide, a great portion seems to be decided concerning lump "(= all sides surrounding seas) of the land appearing on the surface of the sea".
　However, about the island and the relations with the residence / the life of people, it is different by a researcher. An island and the first step of the argument about relations with the person affect a manned island, the difference of the uninhabited island, but the concept is uncertain.
　By the way, I decide to lecture about the remote islands promotion method established by law in a period of ten years in 1953 July by legislation introduced by a Diet member by this report. The area where the remote islands promotion law is applied to the first of the problem is somewhere, and there is the second what the application purpose of the law is. In other words there is the first problem whether an application area of the law being a manned island or the uninhabited island becomes the object. The definition of the manned island is necessary if an area for is limited to the manned island. However, the definition of the manned island has not been defined legally at least today.
　Probably it seems that I am interdisciplinary, and it may not be defined either. There is it whether the second problem namely an application purpose to the remote island of the remote island promotion law is people living in island that is geographical land lump, being remote islands itself or the remote islands. If "people living in the island" are objects, the construction of the living environment which can conclude with a certain aspect is demanded. However, I become base maintenance possibility for the mainland inhabitants to cut it by profit practical use as well as an islander to live in from handed-down convention if isolated island in itself is an object. In other words, the isolated island is that judgment of the thing of the nation or a thing of a citizen of isolated island concerned.
　The remote islands promotion Law had establishment for the purpose of removal of the backwardness of the isolation remote islands at first from the mainland, but the achievement of the role of the remote island which carried an important role on a domain, the maintenance of the exclusive economic zone by the law revision in 2002 became a purpose. In other words it is thought that it was in a situation that the relation of not only an islander settling down in the remote island but also mainland inhabitants is accepted. That means, it is a problem about so-called The Ogasawara-Law, coverage of the Okinawa-Law.
　On the other hand, the anti-mainland traffic improvement is a top priority matter when I make isolation that is the characteristic of the remote island-related relaxation / cancellation a problem. However, the remote island promotion law does not function at all enough on the measures side of that purpose. Enough studies are necessary whether why is in such a state. I will report one end of the basic problem about such a remote island this time.

[ABSTRACT] In Fiji, indigenous people and Indian people prefer their own traditional vegetables respectively, though they have no major vegetable crops that originated in Fiji.
A number of vegetable crops originated not only in the tropical and the subtropical zones, where many cultivated plants originated, but also in the temperate zone. A vegetable crop grows well under the natural conditions similar to those of the center of its origin. It is important to know the natural conditions in the center of origin for vegetable growing. Both good growing techniques and the selection of proper cultivars are essential to vegetable growing. The development of vegetable crops means intraspecific and varietal differentiation, cultivar differentiation.
Vegetable crops domesticated in the center of origin have been developed by the selection of millions of people. Important intraspecific differentiation developed in some major vegetable crops by selection. Intraspecific or varietal differentiation developed through three different selections; local selection, selection of different plant organs, selection of hybrids. After intraspecific differentiation, local varieties were developed. Modern cultivars were produced by crossings of those local varieties. Thus, the diversity of vegetable crops developed all over the world.

[ABSTRACT] It is very difficult to develop Broadband Internet access infrastructure in remote areas, such as, isolate islands and mountain regions. In cities where the population density is high, it is easy for a service provider to recover equipment costs, however in remote areas, the development of Broadband Internet access infrastructure is too costly for local governments or telecommunications carriers, even though there are no technical difficulties. There exists some solutions, such as satellite Internet system, cellular broadband using HSDPA and leased lines, but each customer in remote areas may require expensive equipment and/or monthly charge to get connected using existing solutions. It is likely that people in remote areas will be able to develop Community Broadband infrastructure by themselves if some low cost methods are proposed. Therefore we aim to make the cost of Broadband Internet access lower by research and development of Internet access lines and regional networks. For lower cost Internet access lines, we have adapted Wi-Fi (IEEE802.11g) equipments for long-range communications, or we have used Internet access line sharing techniques. Between Yamagawa and Takeshima, we set 47.5 km Japanese national record of long-range Wi-Fi communications. We have also utilized Wi-Fi equipments for regional networks using Wireless Distribution System. Especially in Tairajima, we have provided Broadband Internet access in every household by wireless LAN regional network.

[ABSTRACT] The measurement of volcanic sulphur dioxide (SO2) is an important part of volcano hazard monitoring as SO2 emission rates can indicate changes in subsurface activity. This study applies a new approach to SO2 emission monitoring, using a powerful ultraviolet (UV) imaging camera that is capable of recording SO2 flux at an unprecedented time resolution. The camera was deployed at a number of Japanese volcanoes, and this presentation will concentrate on results retrieved at Sakurajima and Satsuma-I?jima. In addition, further analysis into the dispersion of volcanic SO2 will also be presented, focussing on the unique situation at the island of Miyakejima where strong winds transport dangerously high SO2 concentrations from the vent to low-lying, populated coastal areas. Interesting dispersal patterns can be observed from hourly ground-level concentration records (dating back to April 2004) along with cross-sectional profiles obtained using UV spectrometer measurements.

[ABSTRACT] Mariner-like element (MLE) which is widespread in the genome of plant to human, was used as a marker for analysis of evolution. Sequences comparison among MLEs located on the specific locus of wild silkmoth, Bombyx mandarina, inhabiting China, Korea, Taiwan and Japan suggested that B. mandarina (Taiwan) might be derived from two routes of China and Korea-Japan through South-west islands including Okinawa (at the old time, all islands could be connected to China, Taiwan and Japan.). It was also indicated by using MLE analysis that giant head ant inhabiting Africa might be transported to Okinawa by transportation through East Indian trading route and sea silk-road. House-keeping gene such as ribosomal RNA gene is a useful tool for evolutionary analysis by the phenomenon well known as “concerted evolution” of multi-gene family. Changed rDNA in B. mandarina (Japan) was found out and by comparison with that of B. mori which is imported to Japan from China through Korean Peninsula, chromosome invasion from B. mori to B. mandarina (Japan) was revealed. We hope that species diversity as evolutionary events in South-east islands will be demonstrated by using MLE analysis.