ミクロネシア地域における自然・社会環境と
人々の生活に関する調査 |
| 平成23年度 調査結果 |
・目的・メンバー・調査内容 ・報告会 ・調査結果 ・写真集
すべての調査結果については『Occasional Papers No.53, 2013 (Research on the Influence of Globalization
and Global Warming on Life in Chuuk Atoll)』をご参照ください。
①『The foraminifera of the Chuuk lagoon, and the value as the teaching materials』
HATTA Akio (Faculty of Education, Kagoshima University)
②『Floristic composition and distribution pattern of coastal vegetation in Chuuk』 KAWANISHI Motohiro (Faculty of Education, Kagoshima University)
③『Shell colour polymorphism of intertidal gastropod in Chuuk State, Federated
States of Micronesia』 KAWAI Kei (Research Center for the Pacific Islands, Kagoshima University)
④『Improving the foundation of the environment, resources, and life in Chuuk:
Pursuing the progress in public sanitation betterment and the current state
of social capital』 NAGASHIMA Shunsuke (Research Center for the Pacific Islands, Kagoshima
University)
⑤『Adoption in the changes of family, kinship, and marriage: A comparative
view based on studies from Micronesia and India』 NAKATANI Sumie (Center for International Planning, Kagoshima University)
⑥『Socio-economic influence of overseas Pilipino workers Federal States of
Micronesia』 NISHIMURA Satoru (Faculty of Law, Economics, and Humanities, Kagoshima
University)
⑦『Mosquitoes collected on Weno Island, Romonum Island and Piis Island, Chuuk
State, Federated States of Micronesia (Diptera: Culicidae)』 NODA Shinichi (Research Center for the Pacific Islands, Kagoshima University)
⑧『Use of Capsicum frutescens in Weno, Romanum, and Piis islands, Chuuk Atoll, Federated States of Micronesia』
YAMAMOTO Sota (Research Center for the Pacific Islands, Kagoshima University)
①『The foraminifera of the Chuuk lagoon, and the value as the teaching materials
』
HATTA Akio (Faculty of Education, Kagoshima University
Abstract
Analysis of the recent foraminifera, which is distributed to the Chuuk
lagoon in the Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk state, and its practical
use as teaching materials in education were considered.
Occasional Papers No.53, 2013, pp1-5
②『Floristic composition and distribution pattern of coastal vegetation
in Chuuk』
KAWANISHI Motohiro (Faculty of Education, Kagoshima University)
Abstract
The distribution pattern of the coastal vegetation that is closely related
to the plant diversity of the islands was surveyed in Chuuk Islands, Micronesia.
In consequence of TWINSPAN, which is the classification method of plant
communities, six communities were classified as 1) Mangrove, 2) Vigna marina - Bidens pilosa var. radiata community, 3) Scaevola taccada - Heliotropium foertherianum community, 4) Thespesia populnea – Pandanus community, 5) Hibiscus tiliaceus - Derris trifoliate community, 6) Enhalus acoroides (Sea grass) community. Mangrove forest was mainly established on a salty
swamp located on the small river mouth or coastline. V. marina - B. pilosa var. radiata community, S. taccada - H. foertherianum community, and T. populnea - Pandanus. community established on the sandy seashore. And, the H. tiliaceus - D. trifoliate community was observed around the rocky coast. Vegetation patterns on
an island differ among three islands. Mangrove and H. tiliaceus - D. trifoliate community established in Weno and Romanum islands, but not in Piis. This
pattern seems to be the effect of the geology of the island, i.e., base-rock
type may relate to habitat formation in the coastal area. On the other
hand, V. marina - B. pilosa var. radiata community that includes many invader plants was established only around
the town in Weno island. This community may depend on the industrial human
activity. To recognize the mechanisms of formation of vegetation on islands,
we need to clarify several environment factors related to geology, sociology,
and economy.
Occasional Papers No.53, 2013, pp7-17
③『Shell colour polymorphism of intertidal gastropod in Chuuk State, Federated
States of Micronesia』
KAWAI Kei (Research Center for the Pacific Islands, Kagoshima University)
Abstract
I investigated the relationship between shell color of Nerita plicata gastropods and habitat background color in Piis and Romanum islands, Chuuk State, Federated States of Micronesia. The brightness of habitat background color ranged from 10 to 80, whereas the brightness of shell color varied from 40 to 98. The shell color was usually brighter than the habitat background color, suggesting that N. plicata inhabits backgrounds that are darker than its shell color. Only snails
with brighter shell colors inhabited brighter backgrounds. By contrast,
darker backgrounds were inhabited by snails with several types of shell
color. My findings indicate that N. plicata may adapt to different environments by means of shell-color polymorphism.
Occasional Papers No.53, 2013, pp19-22
④『Improving the foundation of the environment, resources, and life in Chuuk: Pursuing the progress in public sanitation betterment and the current state of social capital』
NAGASHIMA Shunsuke (Research Center for the Pacific Islands, Kagoshima
University)
No abstract
Occasional Papers No.53, 2013, pp23-49
⑤『Adoption in the changes of family, kinship, and marriage: A comparative
view based on studies from Micronesia and India』
NAKATANI Sumie (Center for International Planning, Kagoshima University)
Abstract
Adoption was widespread in Oceania and has been a subject of many anthropological
studies. Reviewing previous studies, first I point out that adoption customs
in Micronesia can be broadly differentiated into two; one is a transfer
of right over a child among the same kin and the other is that between
kin and affine. The former functions as a mechanism for acquiring heirs
to continue a vertical line, while the later for compensating labour lost
in marriage exchange.
Second, I consider the recent decline of adoption on Romonum. I suggest
that the adoption between kin and affine might have decreased, while the
marriage transaction which exchanges siblings between two families has
increased. It is assumed that a long term exchange of labour between lineages
(marriage followed by adoption) is replaced by an immediate exchange between
families (sibling-exchange in marriage). Describing a peasant society in
India, it is shown that both adoption and marriage are systems which are
structured by the ways how land, labour and fertility are controlled in
the society.
As for concluding remarks, I argue to see a link between adoption and
marriage and to understand a change of the ways in controlling resources
(land, labour, and fertility) as household politics over them. This perspective
enables us not only to understand a recent change of adoption in Micronesia
but to discuss it cross-culturally.
Occasional Papers No.53, 2013, pp51-59
⑥『Socio-economic influence of overseas Pilipino workers Federal States
of Micronesia』
NISHIMURA Satoru (Faculty of Law, Economics, and Humanities, Kagoshima
University)
The economy of the Philippines heavily depends on overseas workers. The
major destinations and dominance of simple labor has not changed in the
last 30 years. However, the destinations have been more diversified. And
the professional jobs are more dominant in some countries. The paper discusses
a case by illustrating the situation in the Federal States of Micronesia.
The economy of this country is called MIRAB, which means the economy depending
on migration, remittance and bureaucracy. The paper shows that the result
of this economy has not brought around the development of the private sector
but, rather, frustration. The paper concludes that the increasing number
of Filipino workers will heighten the stressful nature of the society.
Occasional Papers No.53, 2013, pp61-69
⑦『Mosquitoes collected on Weno Island, Romonum Island and Piis Island,
Chuuk State, Federated States of Micronesia (Diptera: Culicidae)』
NODA Shinichi (Research Center for the Pacific Islands, Kagoshima University)
Abstract
Mosquito larval surveys were carried out on Weno Island, Romonum Island
and Piis Island in August 2011. Larvae were collected from 133 natural
and artificial habitats. A total of 1,761 larvae belonging to nine species
including one unidentified species were collected. On Weno Island, eight
species, Aedes hensilli,Ae. albopictus, Ae. lamelliferus, Aedes sp., Culex quinquefasciatus, Cx. carolinensis, Cx. annulirostris and Lutzia vorax, were collected. On Romonum Island, four species, Ae. scutoscriptus, Ae. hensilli, Cx. quinquefasciatus and Cx. carolinensis were collected. On Piis Island, six species, Ae. scutoscriptus, Ae. hensilli, Aedes sp., Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. carolinensis and Cx. annilirostris, were collected. Distributions of Ae. hensilli and Ae. albopictus were confirmed in this survey. To prevent the outbreak of dengue fever, environmental management should focus on the destruction, alternation, disposal or recycling of containers that produce the greater number of adult Aedes mosquitoes.
Occasional Papers No.53, 2013, pp71-76
⑧『Use of Capsicum frutescens in Weno, Romanum, and Piis islands, Chuuk Atoll, Federated States of Micronesia』
YAMAMOTO Sota (Research Center for the Pacific Islands, Kagoshima University)
Abstract
The local nomenclature and usage of Capsicum in Weno, Romanum, and Piis islands, Chuuk Atoll, Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), were surveyed to investigate the relationship between people and Capsicum with a focus on dispersal routes, ethnobotany, and food security. Two
species of Capsicum, C. annuum and C. frutescens, are cultivated in Chuuk Atoll, but C. frutescens, especially the green type, is a common seasoning in the daily diet of
locals and has become an important and indispensable condiment. Capsicum peppers are called “mwik (mwiik)” in Chuuk Atoll, which is of unknown origin. People used C. frutescens in various ways: as a condiment (fresh fruits and fruits soaked in the
water of mature coconuts), vegetable (leaves), and medicine (fruits and/or
seed for treating toothaches, fruits for eliminating the stomach parasite
known as“ nikanipwun”, roots for an ointment to treat skin wounds, fruits for treating sick domestic fowl, and fruits for boosting energy of gamecocks after fighting). However, with modernization, residents of Chuuk Atoll have been eating fewer C. frutescens leaves in recent years. The FSM has faced serious public health problems
due to a new diet and other lifestyle changes especially from the 1980s,
and the government, non-governmental organizations, and many researchers
have attempted to promote a return to local foods because of their higher
carotenoid and vitamin contents compared to modern foods. On small islands
and atolls, imported foods and medicines may not arrive for more than a
month if a typhoon or an oil crisis occurs. Therefore, for food security,
it is imperative to re-discover plants already naturalized on each island.
From this perspective, an important candidate plant is C. frutescens, which can serve not only as a spice but also as a vegetable rich in carotenoids
and vitamins. Capsicum frutescens has long been naturalized in these regions; therefore, it does not need to be cultivated and its fruits and leaves can be harvested throughout the year. To improve public health on Pacific islands, there should be renewed focus on plants that are already naturalized on each island.
Occasional Papers No.53, 2013, pp77-89
（調査結果が日本熱帯農業学会の学会誌『Tropical Agriculture and Development 』に掲載されました。
Sota Yamamoto 2012. Use of Capsicum frutescens in Chuuk Atoll, Federated States of Micronesia . Tropical Agriculture
and Development 56: 151-158. 論文はこちらを参照）
（以下の競争的資金の一部を使用して研究調査をおこないました）
「ミクロネシア連邦でのデング熱媒介蚊の分布調査と予防対策のための地域社会調査」（科学研究費基盤C、代表者：野田伸一）
「南太平洋島嶼沿岸域における「人と自然の連動システム」に関する学融的研究」（科学研究費基盤B、代表者：河合 渓）
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