| Record of activities in 2016 at KURCPI |
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- Research Seminar No.174, 12 December 2016
16:30-, The Interdivisional Education and Research Building , 5th Floor
「Geology and Fossils of the Upper Cretaceous Himenoura Group on the Koshikishima Islands」
MIYAKE Yuka (Satsumasendai City Board of Education)
The Upper Cretaceous Himenoura Group is widely distributed in western Kyushu, Japan. The group yields abundant non-marine to marine molluscan fossils (e.g., inoceramids and ammonoids) in the Koshikishima Islands.
In the northern part of Shimokoshiki-shima Island, the Himenoura Group
is composed mainly of fluvial, tidal flat, shoreface, shelf, and slope
deposits in the Upper Cretaceous lower to middle Campanian. Tidal flat
deposit contains large oyster (Crassostrea) aggregations and several vertebrate fossils. Shoreface and shelf deposits
contain large fossils as bivalves and ammonoids and microfossils as radiolarians.
Thick debris-flow deposits in the slope facies in middle to upper Campanian
on western Nakakoshiki-shima Island. These deposits commonly yield shallow
marine and brackish-water bivalves, in addition to poorly preserved non-marine
vertebrate fragments.
This article addresses stratigraphy and fossils of the Upper Cretaceous
Himenoura Group on the Koshikishima Islands. Particularly, we pay attention
to the stratigraphy and fauna of the lower to middle Campanian that became
clear with fossils such as inoceramids or ammonoids.
- Research Seminar No.173, 14 November 2016
16:30-, The Interdivisional Education and Research Building , 5th Floor
「The Community Medicine Training on Low Birthrate and Aging」
OWAKI Tetsuhiro (Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University)
Japan of low birthrate and aging breaks into the population decline society
which I have not experienced all over the world until now. In front of
population to decrease, how should we build and maintain it surely? The
local government must present the policy not to know whether it is a correct
answer. Then how does the medical care turn out?
A post-baby boom generation becomes advanced elderly aged people in 2025,
and the number of the death increases in Japan. An old age medical care
becomes predominate of the Medicine, and the Japanese overall medical care
peaks in about 2040. Afterwards, to correspond suddenly change and to support
medical environment to reduce, we consider that what kind of training is
demanded, and what kind of education is demanded as medical school. Moreover,
I introduce “Remote island, community medicine training” to all the medical
course sixth graders, “The national medical student summer remote island
training” that I offer to the hoping medical students of the whole country,
“Community medicine training camp in Kitayama” and “community medicine
training camp in Satsuma-cho” that I provide to the medical system student
of Sakuragaoka, and “The remote island training” to a local frame medical
student.
- Research Seminar No.172, 26 September 2016
16:30-, The Interdivisional Education and Research Building , 5th Floor
「Fisheries Development in Insular Areas: An Implication of the Case in Southwestern Madagascar」
IIDA Taku (National Museum of Ethnology)
In such countries where fisheries are industrialized as Japan, most innovations concerning coastal fisheries are achieved through cooperation among fishermen’s association, academic engineers, and device makers. In isolated islands or insular countries, however, such innovations cannot be expected or take exorbitant time to be introduced. To solve this problem, individual fishermen have to be innovative enough which has been the case in coastal areas of Madagascar. Although this island is fourth largest in the world and should be called dwarf continent, it shares insular conditions such as immaturity of public transport or close link between fishery and industry sectors.
This talk examines individually achieved innovations observed in this area and specifies conditions enabling them. The examples especially examined include: 1. wooden spearguns having been widespread around 1998; 2. wooden lures for squid having been widespread around 2003; beach seine nets made of secondhand tire, having been observed in 2008 but the date of whose introduction is not clear; 4. night-diving equipment with LED torch having been widespread around 2008. All these gears are invented by combining strange factory-made materials with ordinary materials and fishing techniques. As catalyzing factors of the invention processes, we can point out regular practice of bricolage and common sharing of individual idea.
- Research Seminar No.171, 11 July 2016
16:30-, The Interdivisional Education and Research Building , 5th Floor
「Presqu'i?le?ite? and Absolute Waterfrontage: Finger Islands and Canal Estate Development on Australia’s Gold Coast」
HAYWARD Philip (Research Center for the Pacific Islands, Kagoshima University)
The Gold Coast, an urban conurbation stretching along the Pacific seaboard
and adjacent hinterland of south east Queensland, is now Australia’s sixth
largest city. Its rapid growth over the last six decades has had major
impacts on the rivers, estuaries, coastline and associated ecosystems of
the area. This article addresses one particular aspect of this, the development
of estates of ‘finger islands’ (narrow, peninsular residential areas with
direct waterfrontage) and the canalised waterways that facilitate them.
The article first discusses these landscape features in the context of
earlier estates in Florida that provided a model for Australian developers
and then turns to consider the specific nature of a number of developments
in south eastern Queensland. These discussions also facilitate a conceptual
inquiry into how finger islands, canal estates and associated waterways
can be conceptualised, drawing on the French concept of presqu'i?le?ite?
(‘almost islandness’) and the Japanese/Ryukyuan concept of shima (insular
neighbourhood).
- Research Seminar No.170, 27 June 2016
16:30-, The Interdivisional Education and Research Building , 5th Floor
「Geology on Subduction Zone Mega-Earthquakes」
KITAMURA Yujin (Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University)
The Japanese islands comprise an island arc formed by plate subduction.
Along the island arc, plate subduction induces various geological processes
such as seismogenesis, volcanism and formation of accretionary prism. The
accretionary prism is a geologic body formed with accreted sediments derived
from the oceanic plate subducting beneath the continent. Investigating
the accretionary prism is a clue for understanding fundamental questions
on the formation of the island arc and the earthquake generation.
What geology would tell us on earthquakes? In this talk, I introduce
a geological approach to depict an image of subduction plate boundary process
underground exampled from the Japanese island arc, a frontier on subduction
zone earthquake. There are a couple of outcrops of fossils of earthquake
which discovered firstly on the globe. We review the story how geology
revealed the deformation process of such kind of rocks and discuss the
seismogenic zone on the plate boundary.
- Research Seminar No.169, 30 May 2016
16:30-, The Interdivisional Education and Research Building , 5th Floor
「Search for Therapeutic Drug Candidates against Diseases Characteristic of South Kyushu from Southern Medicinal Plants and Marine Organisms」
HAMADA Toshiyuki (Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima
University)
Animals and plants create many organic compounds (primary and secondary
metabolites) in their own bodies to use in order to survive in their ecosystems.
Natural products chemistry is a scientific research field concerned with
identifying these organic compounds and for elucidating answers concerning
the phenomenon of life. It has also been deployed to assist in developing
drugs by characterizing the active components from animals and plants which
have been used for the treatment of human diseases and injuries.
As part of our research, we are examining the chemistry of several natural
products specific to Kagoshima. In this presentation we introduce our trial
to identify plant and marine organism compounds that can be effective against
Ciguatera fish poisoning and Adult T-cell Leukemia, diseases characteristic
of southern Kyushu.
- Research Seminar No.168, 25 April 2016
16:30-, The Interdivisional Education and Research Building , 5th Floor
「Effects of Ecotourism on Physiology and Behavior in the Amami Rabbit on Amami-Oshima Island」
SUZUKI Mariko (Research Center for the Pacific Islands, Kagoshima University)
The Amami rabbit (Pentalagus furnessi) is an endemic species on Amami-Oshima and Tokunoshima Islands. This species
often uses the road or open area for excreting and foraging during the
night. The night-tours, searching the nocturnal animals by the automobile,
has been increasing recently in Amami-Oshima Island.
The impact of human recreational activity on wildlife has been studied
on a lot of species. These activities often cause animals to change their
behavior and/or habitat use, and eventually population decline. In order
to evaluate the impacts of tourism to the Amami rabbit in Amami-Oshima
Island, two kinds of research have been conducted. First, the details of
the Amami rabbit’s road use were analyzed by counting the fecal pellets,
combining with genetic individual identification using fecal DNA, and examining
camera traps. Secondly, the stress response of the Amami rabbit to tourism
was investigated by measuring fecal cortisol levels. In addition, the stress
levels were compared not between nights but between roads, in which traffic
differs.
The Amami rabbits excreted in particular spots, and the spot mostly used
by them was estimated to be used more than 4 individuals. They showed not
only life activities such as excreting and foraging but also social activities
such as resting, sniffing and chasing on the road. These results indicate
that the road is an important place for the Amami rabbit. However, the
frequency of their road use and fecal cortisol levels was not correlated
with the traffic during the night. On the other hand, the fecal cortisol
levels from the samples collected on the road used for night tourism were
higher than those did on the farm road with little traffic. I will discuss
the effect of tourism to their behavior and physiology with consideration
for their ecology such as mating season, food availability and predator
existence too.
- Research Seminar No.167, 7 March 2016
16:30-, The Interdivisional Education and Research Building , 5th Floor
「Current Situation and Problems of Passion Fruit, Avocado and Other Tropical
Fruits Cultivation in Japan」
KONDO Tomohiro (Center for Regional Innovation, Miyazaki University)
Interest in tropical fruits cultivation has been increasing recently
in south-west Japan, because global warming is going on. Detrimental effects
of global warming on citrus, peel puffing, low acid content, shortage of
storage period and so on, have been appearing, and so solution strategy,
such as introduction of tropical fruits, is now demanded. Mango is major
tropical fruit in Japan, but recently cultivation area does not increase
partly due to increase of fuel cost for heating. And so, tropical fruits
which can grow with low fuel cost is demanded.
Passion fruit can be cultivated as an annual crop so fuel cost for heating
is very low and recently passion fruit cultivation in Japan mainly for
fresh consumption has been increasing rapidly. Avocado has relatively high
tolerance against chilling stress, the strongest cultivar can survive ?
6 °C condition, and avocado is thought to be able to be cultivated without
heater in south-west Japan. Now avocado cultivation begin in Miyazaki,
Ehime, Kumamoto and so on.
Passion fruit and avocado cultivation in Japan have just started and
there is little experience, and so there are lot of problems. Current situation
and problems of passion fruit and avocado cultivation and research results
and future plan will be presented.
- Research Seminar No.166, 15 February 2016
16:30-, The Interdivisional Education and Research Building , 5th Floor
「The International Politics of Whaling: Aboriginal Subsistence Whaling
in the Arctic Island of Greenland and the International Whaling Commission」
TAKAHASHI Minori (Slavic-Eurasian Research Center, Hokkaido University)
The International Whaling Commission (IWC) was established in 1948 with
the goal of adequately preserving whale populations and enabling an orderly
development of the whaling industry. It oversees only 13 larger species
of the existing 85 species of whales in the world, but nonetheless remains
the main international organ that manages whales not only as a natural
resource, but as an industry too. One of the forms of whaling managed and
regulated by the IWC is aboriginal subsistence whaling. The definition
of aboriginal subsistence whaling was set at the 33rd annual meeting of
the IWC held in 1981.
- Aboriginal subsistence whaling means whaling, for purposes of local aboriginal
consumption carried out by or on behalf of aboriginal, indigenous or native
peoples who share strong community, familial, social and cultural ties
related to a continuing traditional dependence on whaling and on the use
of whales.
The Inuit and Yupik in Alaska, US, Makah in the state of Washington,
US, Chukchi Yupik in the Chukotka region in Russia, Kalaallit in Greenland,
Denmark, and the islanders of Bequia in St. Vincent and the Grenadines,
have enjoyed the quotas for this type of whaling. Even after commercial
whaling drew wide criticism and the IWC adopted a moratorium on it at its
34th annual meeting in 1982, aboriginal subsistence whaling continued and
became the main form of whaling overseen by the IWC. However, aboriginal
subsistence whaling was not always viewed by the IWC as a right that needs
to be recognized. In this presentation, by taking Greenland as a case study,
I shed light on the discrepancies between the IWC system and the reality
on the ground.
- Research Seminar No.165, 25 January 2016
16:30-, The Interdivisional Education and Research Building , 5th Floor
「Thirty-Seven Years of Contributions as a Marine Botanist in Kagoshima
University」
NORO Tadahide (Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University)
Phycological research at Kagoshima University was pioneered in the 1950s by Dr. Kiichi Okada, who studied the fresh water alga Thorea in Sendai River, and Prof. Tsuyoshi Tanaka, who studied Porphyra. Thereafter, Prof. Koji Nozawa studied phytoplankton in the Kagoshima
Bay and at sea-grasses (in the 1970s). Prof. Hiroshi Itono was a pioneer
scuba diver at Kagoshima University, and he authored a book in 1980s, on
the taxonomy of Ceramiales. Prof. Akio Inoue was the director of KURCPI, and he studied toxic phytoplankton
in Tahiti and southern Japan in 1970s.
The author started his research career on blue-green algae in the Amami
Islands when he was an undergraduate student at Kagoshima University. He
studied Corallinaceae in the Barren Sea (Isoyake) during his graduate course at Hokkaido University. Then he returned to Kagoshima and studied a red tide organism Chattonella marina in the Kagoshima Bay and examined how the cyst could survive the winter.
Further, he became inclined to conspicuous seaweeds, such as Sargassum spp. in southern Japan and studied the taxonomy and ecology of this genus
in the Indo-Pacific area. At KURCPI, he underwent an internationally certified
training course for Indonesian instructors of fishery schools and drove
the research project in Yap. During his experience there, he determined
that the extracts of Monpano-ki in (Heliotropium foertherianum), isolated in Okinawa, were effective against Ciguatera toxin.
In this seminar, the author will summarize his experience with research
activities in Kagoshima.
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