| Record of activities in 2014 at KURCPI |
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Research Seminar No.154, 1 December 2014
16:30-, The Interdivisional Education and Research Building , 5th Floor
「Ancient Greek Agriculture: Concerning Agricultural Terraces」
ITO Tadashi (Faculty of Education, Kagoshima University)
Agricultural terraces and terrace walls are a characteristic feature
of the modern (i.e. probably post-medieval) rural landscape of the Mediterranean.
Nevertheless, it is unclear how extensively the ancient rural landscape
was terraced. Some scholars have believed that the past landscape was very
like the modern one, in other words, the terrace systems can trace back
to classical antiquity, while others have denied that agricultural terraces
and terrace walls were much used in antiquity.
In this paper the author considers the question of whether agricultural
terraces and terrace walls can be projected back into classical antiquity.
First, this article looks carefully at ancient terminology (i.e. α?μασι?), using both literary texts and inscriptions. Second, it investigates
the preceding studies of archaeological fieldwork and Geoponika compiled
during the 10th century by the Byzantine emperor Constantine Ⅶ. Through
these examinations the author concludes that claims to have discovered
ancient terracing systems in Greece (e.g. Bradford’s, Lohmann’s and Brunet’s
works) are doubtful, that there are no ancient written references to terrace
walls, and that there were trenches (i.e. γ?ρο?), not terraces on sloping land in antiquity.
- Research Seminar No.153, 17 November 2014
16:30-, The Interdivisional Education and Research Building , 5th Floor
「Restorative Justice and Youth Justice in New Zealand」
MOUSOURAKIS George (Research Center for the Pacific Islands, Kagoshima University)
Over the past three decades, a new approach to society's response to
crime and criminality, known as 'restorative justice', has been gaining
ground around the world. This innovative approach revolves around the ideas
that crime is primarily a violation of a relationship among victims, offenders
and the community; that the chief aim of the justice process should be
to reconcile those most directly affected by the offending behaviour while
addressing the injuries they suffered; and that the resolution of crime-related
conflicts demands a positive effort on the part of victims and offenders,
and the assumption of responsibility by the community. A restorative justice
practice that has attracted much attention in recent years is conferencing.
Conferencing is essentially an extension of the victim-offender mediation
process involving not only offenders and victims but also their wider 'communities
of care', such as their respective families and other community members.
It aims to involve the young offender, the victim, and their families in
a decision-making process with the objective of reaching group-consensus
on a 'just' outcome. At the same time, it seeks to increase the offender's
awareness of the human impact of his or her behaviour and to enable both
the offender and victim to reconnect with key community support systems.
Conferencing in New Zealand, referred to as 'Family Group Conferencing'
(FGC), was incorporated into the youth justice system in 1989 with the
introduction of the Children, Young Persons and Their Families Act (CYPFA).
The Act emerged partly as a response to Maori demands for a system of justice
more sensitive to their traditional cultural values, and it introduced
significant changes to the approach for addressing issues of juvenile justice
and family welfare. This paper analyses the function of Family Group Conferencing
in New Zealand in relation to the broader restorative justice philosophy
and assesses the role of the conference system in addressing the problems
associated with juvenile offending.
- Research Seminar No.152, 1 September 2014
16:30-, The Interdivisional Education and Research Building , 5th Floor
「Current condition and future outlook of emergency care in Kagoshima Prefecture:
Collaboration between the Kagoshima University Hospital Emergency Critical
Care Center, remote islands, and other remote areas」
KAKIHANA Yasuyuki (Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Kagoshima University)
In medical parlance, “remote areas” are defined as follows: “mountainous areas, remote islands, and other comparable regions that are disadvantaged in terms of traffic, natural, economic and social conditions, where access to medical care is difficult, including but not limited to medically underserved areas, quasi-medically underserved areas, and areas in which remote area clinics have been established.” Kagoshima Prefecture includes 16 medically underserved areas (four of which are remote islands), and 37 quasi-medically underserved areas (33 of which are remote islands), and the issues seen in remote islands and other remote areas, such as shortage of physicians and inadequate emergency care systems, have been recognized as serious problems. It is necessary to ensure that the residents of Kagoshima Prefecture are able, no matter the location of their residence, to receive safe, reliable, high-quality medical services at any time according to their needs. To this end, it is important to identify approaches for the establishment of reliable supply systems and of programs for physician training and the transfer of injured and sick individuals from the remote islands and other areas of Kagoshima Prefecture. We would like to discuss the roles that the Kagoshima University Hospital Emergency Critical Care Center must assume in regard to this issue.
- Research Seminar No.151, 14 July 2014
16:30-, The Interdivisional Education and Research Building , 5th Floor
「Anthropology of longevity and centenarians」
CHUN Kyung Soo (Research Center for the Pacific Islands, Kagoshima University)
Longevity phenomenon is a global future issue. A natural phenomenon to be rise as a core theme of future study, I believe that longevity phenomenon will form a major outline in futurology. I may show the possibility and expectation of longevity studies to be developed as a model of a unified science.
21st century has become the era where all types of science challenge
to human life span. Not only the general biology, from the genetic engineering
to computer engineering, surrounding studies strive for development of
medical science. On the one hand, thanks to the nutrition which has been
provided to the human being during the last century, infant mortality ratio
has dropped, and relatively, numbers of senior population is rapidly growing
all over the world. On the other hand, social welfare researchers raise
serious issues regarding support issues of senior population. By families
become nuclear, supporting of senior population becomes the issue of the
nation, and finance of the nation is more strongly requested to prepare
the aging society.
Anthropology, which has collected information of human life and studied
life span, can not keep being quiet on this longevity phenomenon. Longevity
phenomenon requests a new point to the discipline of anthropology. I think
that anthropology has to set its angle regarding the upcoming longevity
phenomenon in the future. On the basis of the information through analysis
of the information that has been collected all over the world, and wisdom
that has been collected from lives, anthropology has to set its angle toward
longevity phenomenon. To arrange such angle, I believe that a field of
anthropology of longevity shall be set and progressed in terms of a practical
anthropology dimension. It necessarily has to be promoted, and we need
to discuss the potential of it. It is also important not to miss any preparation
for the future by pursuing citizens and government officials.
In such situation, the research aims not only understanding the failure
of longevity studies, but also presentation alternative measures to solve
the real issues. Longevity phenomenon shall not be understood only as a
long life span. Long life span that burdens family and society seems to
be considered improper. We may consider an issue how to face the senior
problem upon the overall social agreement that becomes the burden of a
nation. We also may consider how we can turn the current situation to the
proper direction that is debatable as a human right issue because not a
small number of seniors are sick, stay in so called welfare facilities
and being isolated from the society.
Longevity needs to be understood as live long in good health. We may
easily hear from the seniors 'I'm a sinner who lives long.' or 'What's
good with longevity. I better die soon.' It is not from some individuals,
but a common saying. Such sayings have to be understood as an expression
or surface mentality. It is only an expression of their dissatisfaction
and instability, but not a true will wishing to be dead. Expression of
deep mentality of it is 'longevity', live long in good health. We may understand
that stronger surface mentality expression means stronger desire of deep
mentality. Therefore, the final aim of the research is to let seniors live
the new way of life so that they may plan the proper senior life, maintain
good health and face the death in good health.
- Research Seminar No.150, 30 June 2014
16:30-, The Interdivisional Education and Research Building , 5th Floor
「Life of fishery villages in the east coast in Luzon Island: Observation using sea-kayak」
YAMAOKA Kosaku (Emeritus Professor of Kochi University)
The Kuroshio Current, one of the biggest warm current in the world, brings
various gifts to Japan. In Japan locating at it's lower reaches, many scientific
works on the current have been conducted in both natural and sociological
fields. However, only few works can be found out in it's headwater region
at the east coast of Luzon. Much work there is needed to found "Kuroshio
Science" a new scientific field, but there were many difficulties
mainly regarding access issue; no road. At that time, I fortunately had
a chance to get an information about an explorer who traveled alone by
using sea-kayak from Australia to Japan, island-hopping exploration. I
proposed him, Mr. Yahata, an expedition along the east coast of Luzon by
sea-kayaking. In 2010, 2011 and 2012 fiscal years, we four members conducted
a 1000km expeditions 3 times from Tabaco, Albay to Sant Ana, Cagayan, northeastern
tip of Luzon. We made a hearing toward artisanal fishers about their lives
and fisheries. Here, I will make a short report on the results of our sea-kayak
expedition and consider potential abilities of the sea-kayak as a tool
of field research.
- Research Seminar No.149, 26 May 2014
16:30-, The Interdivisional Education and Research Building , 5th Floor
「Studies on speciation in medical entomology and parasitology」
OTSUKA Yasushi (Research Center for the Pacific Islands, Kagoshima University)
Species identification is a very important in studies of medical entomology
parasitology. Recently, classification using nucleotide sequence revealed
the presence of cryptic species. For example, Anopheles barbirostris species group, which is one of malaria vector mosquitoes in Thailand,
is divided into five species using mating, chromosome and nucleotide sequence
analyses. But, only one of the five species seems to be a vector of malaria.
In addition, zoonotic onchocersiasis in Japan is caused by Onchocerca dewittei japonica, a common filarial parasite of wild boar. But, a morphological similar
parasite is also found in wild boar. We have to evaluate medical importance
of the parasite. I will predict the future of such studies.
- Research Seminar No.148, 21 April 2014
16:30-, The Interdivisional Education and Research Building , 5th Floor
「Circulation of early modern ceramics in the Nansei Islands: An archaeological survey of the Mishima islands and Toshima islands」
WATANABE Yoshiro (The Faculty of Law, Economics and Humanities, Kagoshima University)
Despite having an interest in the circulation of early modern ceramics
in the Nansei Islands, I could find very little archaeological literature
covering the Mishima islands and Toshima islands. Therefore, in order to
compile some basic data, I undertook several archaeological surveys in
the islands in 2012 and 2013. The results show that while there are similarities
with mainland Kagoshima, the large amounts of Chinese porcelain found in
Toshima, in particular, point towards close links with Okinawa. From clues
in documents from the Meiji Period (1868-1912), I have been able to speculate
on how the ceramics circulated. In both Mishima and Toshima, it seems people
bought ceramics while they were visiting Kagoshima or Amami/Okinawa for
whatever reason. It is also worth noting that ceramics were not only brought
back for everyday use but also as shrine offerings.
- Research Seminar No.147, 17 March 2014
16:30-, The Interdivisional Education and Research Building , 5th Floor
「Be parasitic on the parasite for 37 years」
NODA Shinichi (Research Center for the Pacific Islands, Kagoshima University)
Infections are caused by viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and helminthes (nematodes,
cestodes and trematode). Medical parasitology is the subject which deals
with the protozoa and helminthes that infect human. Medical zoology is
sometimes used as a name with emphasis on ectoparasites which are parasitic
on human body surface, vectors which spreads a pathogenic organ, and the
living thing which inflicts harm on human. Many parasitic diseases are
overcome by improving the living environment in Jaopan. Currently important
parasitic diseases are larva migrans which animal parasite infected to
humans. I will discuss pig roundworm disease that occurred in the context
of the livestock industry in Kagoshima Prefecture. In Kagoshima Prefecture,
tsutsugamushi disease and Japanese spotted fever occurred, and patients
infected with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus were also
reported. I will mention trombiculid mites and ticks. I began investigation
of the mosquito fauna in the Federated States of Micronesia after starting
for my new assignment in this center. As I finish surveys in four states,
I will show the geographical distribution and breeding sites of mosquito
species.
- Research Seminar No.146, 17 February 2014
16:30-, The Interdivisional Education and Research Building , 5th Floor
「Ant Diversity Research and Network of Ant Researchers in Asia」
YAMANE Seiki (Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University)
As many as 12,500 ant species have been known from various parts of the
world. However, numerous unnamed ant species secretly live in natural habitats
of developing countries in Asia. Some ants are encountered once a person's
life, whereas others are spreading throughout the earth's surface with
the help of human activity.
Looking back my 20-year research on ant diversity, I will introduce interesting
topics and our achievement in the field of natural history of ants. I also
explain how important are big collections of fine quality and maintaining
independent researchers for the development of taxonomy, through my experience
in growing a network for Asian ant researchers (ANeT). I believe that finding
talented persons, respecting members' uniqueness, global viewpoint and
maintaining long-term interactions are most important in developing such
a network.
- Research Seminar No.145, 20 January 2014
16:30-, The Interdivisional Education and Research Building , 5th Floor
「The banishment to an island (島流し) of a feudal warrior (藩士) ?A case in
Hachij?-jima」
SATO Hiroyuki (Faculty of Education, Kagoshima University)
During the first month of the 7th year of the Enp? era (1679), the conflict in the Takada domain (高田藩) of the Echigo (越後) Province between the house elder (家老) Oguri Misaku (小栗美作) and his opponent Nagami ?kura (永見大蔵) intensified with the problem of the succession to the domain lord Matsudaira Mitsunaga (松平光長). This conflict is called “Echigo s?d?” (越後騒動). This feud lengthened because of the implication of some conflict between high-ranking bakufu officials, but in the 6th month of the 9th year of Enp?, the 5th sh?gun Tokugawa Tsunayoshi (徳川綱吉) decided the following punishments: Oguri (father and son) were forced to ritual suicide (seppuku 切腹), Nagami and his followers were banned to an island (ent? 遠島) or exiled, and Matsudaira Mitsunaga was deprived of his fief (kaieki 改易).
In this presentation, we will deal with one of the main protagonists of the “Echigo s?d?”, that is to say Nagami ?kura, one feudal warrior, who was banned to Hachij?-jima by the decision of Tsunayoshi.
We will present here some reflexions on the background of and the relationship
between those who took part in that kind of banishment, that is to say
the bakufu, the fief(s), or the guardians (azukenin 預け人), and on the signification of ent?.
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